ResponsibleWire

Dentist Central London

2006-10-18T17:55:00.000-07:00

The Welbeck clinic offers specialist Cosmetic Dentistry in a central London location. Dr Joe Oliver has worked for over 11 years in Cosmetic Dentistry and now provides a 1 day Cosmetic Dentistry solution which includes Teeth Whitening, Porcelain Veneers and Dental Crowns.

Narew River

2005-03-18T04:43:00.000-08:00

East-bank tributary of the Vistula River that rises in western Belarus and flows into eastern Poland. The Narew River is 272 miles (438 km) long and drains an area of more than 10,800 square miles (28,000 square km). It rises in the Belovezhskaya Forest in western Belarus and flows westward through wooded plains and marshlands. After entering Poland it swings north near Bialystok before

Hawaii, University Of

2005-03-15T01:30:00.000-08:00

State university system consisting of the University of Hawaii at Manoa (main campus) in Honolulu, the University of Hawaii–West Oahu in Pearl City, the University of Hawaii at Hilo in Hilo, and seven community colleges on the islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and Hawaii. The main campus at Manoa is a comprehensive, land-grant university offering a wide range of undergraduate

Tragedy

2005-03-13T02:06:00.000-08:00

The origins of the tragic form are Greek, as are those of the term itself, meaning “goat-song” and possibly referring originally to the sacrifice of a

Zambezi River, Kariba and Cahora Bassa schemes

2005-03-11T06:06:00.000-08:00

The Kariba Dam harnesses the Zambezi at Kariba, Zimb., 300 miles below Victoria Falls. A concrete-arch dam with a maximum height of 420 feet and a crest length of 1,900 feet carries a road connecting the Zambian and Zimbabwean banks of the gorge. Six floodgates permit a discharge of some 335,000 cubic feet of water per second. Both Zambia and Zimbabwe obtain most of their electricity from

General Confederation Of Labourworkers' Force

2005-03-07T07:13:00.000-08:00

French Confédération Générale du Travail–Force Ouvrière (CGT–FO), French labour-union federation that is most influential among white-collar civil servants and clerical workers. It was formed in 1948 after a split within the General Confederation of Labour (Confédération Générale du Travail, or CGT). In 1947 the socialist minority withdrew from the CGT after communists had gained control of the federation's leadership apparatus. The

Earth, Electrical conductivity

2005-03-05T15:02:00.000-08:00

The electrical conductivity at the Earth's surface is extremely variable and is largely dominated by the presence of water. Laboratory measurements, for example, show that the conductivity of seawater is close to four siemens per metre (S/m; or a resistivity of 0.23 ohm-metre), whereas dry rock exhibits conductivities in the range 10-11 to 10-9 siemens per metre. When water is present

Sublimation

2005-03-02T19:06:00.000-08:00

In physics, conversion of a substance from the solid to the vapour state without its becoming liquid. An example is the vaporization of frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature. The phenomenon is the result of vapour pressure and temperature relationships. Freeze-drying of food to preserve it involves sublimation of water

Chiang K'ang-hu

2005-02-28T01:02:00.000-08:00

Born into a scholar-official family, Chiang studied at home and briefly in Japan before returning to China in 1901 to take charge of the compilation of elementary-school textbooks for the schools of five northern

World War Ii, Iwo Jima and the bombing of Tokyo

2005-02-26T04:33:00.000-08:00

With U.S. forces firmly established in the Mariana Islands, the steady long-range bombing of Japan by B-29s under the command of General Curtis E. LeMay continued throughout the closing months of 1944 and into 1945. But it was still 1,500 miles from Saipan to Tokyo, a long flight even for the B-29s. Strategic planners therefore fixed their attention on the little volcanic island of Iwo

Ilaro

2005-02-23T05:14:00.000-08:00

Town, western Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria. Located on the former trade route from the towns of the empire of Oyo to the port of Porto-Novo (now the capital of Benin), 40 miles (64 km) southwest, it was established by the late 18th century as the capital and chief trade centre of the Egbado people (a subgroup of the Yoruba). With the decline of Oyo in the early 19th century, the Egbado

World War I, The loss of the German colonies

2005-02-22T13:10:00.000-08:00

Togoland was conquered by British forces from the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and by French forces from Dahomey (now Benin) in the first month of the war. In the Cameroons (German: Kamerun), invaded by Allied forces from

Schaffner, Franklin (james)

2005-02-19T06:57:00.000-08:00

The son of Protestant American missionaries, Schaffner lived in the United States after the age of five and attended Franklin & Marshall College in Pennsylvania (A.B., 1942). During World War II he served as a U.S. Navy lieutenant. In 1948 he became a director for CBS television;

Wang Pi

2005-02-17T16:41:00.000-08:00

By the time of his death at the age of 23, Wang was already the author of outstanding commentaries on the Taoist classic, the Tao-te Ching, or Lao-tzu, and the Confucian mystical classic, the I Ching (“Classic of Changes”). Through these commentaries he helped introduce metaphysics into Chinese

Cywydd

2005-02-15T21:57:00.000-08:00

Welsh verse form, a kind of short ode in rhyming couplets in which one rhyme is accented and the other unaccented; each line is composed of seven syllables and contains some form of cynghanedd (a complex system of alliteration and internal rhyme). Developed in the 14th century in south Wales by Dafydd ap Gwilym, the cywydd shows affinities with forms used by the earlier

Palar River

2005-02-14T07:50:00.000-08:00

The flow of the Palar is irregular, with considerable variations from year to year. Although it generally does not flood,

Altman, Sidney

2005-02-12T22:57:00.000-08:00

Altman attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (B.S., 1960, in physics) and the University of Colorado (Ph.D., 1967, in biophysics). He was a molecular biology fellow at Harvard University

Ascot

2005-02-09T04:24:00.000-08:00

Locality, Windsor and Maidenhead unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Berkshire, England, known for its racecourse on Ascot Heath. The Royal Ascot meeting (initiated in 1711 by Queen Anne) lasts four days each June and is traditionally attended by the British sovereign. A major social and fashion event, it has lent its name to the ascot, a type of broad neck

Connecticut, Cultural life

2005-02-07T01:45:00.000-08:00

Numerous sites important in Connecticut's past or associated with

Korcula

2005-02-04T01:03:00.000-08:00

Italian Curzola, Greek Corcyra Melaina, island in the Adriatic Sea, on the Dalmatian coast, in Croatia. With an area of 107 square miles (276 square km), it has a hilly interior rising to 1,863 feet (568 m). The Greeks colonized it in the 4th century BC. Korcula was subsequently occupied by the Romans, Goths, Slavs, Byzantines, and Genoese; the kings of Hungary and Croatia and the Bosnian dukes resided there; and such powers as Russia, France,

Rack And Pinion

2005-02-01T14:42:00.000-08:00

If the pinion rotates about a fixed axis, the rack will translate; i.e.,

Padilla, Heberto

2005-01-30T16:38:00.000-08:00

After elementary and secondary education in his native province of Pinar del Río, Padilla studied law at the University of Havana but did not finish a degree. From 1949 to 1952 and 1956 to 1959, he lived in the United

Argentina, Perón's second presidency

2005-01-29T16:57:00.000-08:00

Perón was elected president with his third wife, María Estela Martínez de Perón (Isabel Perón), as vice president. Taking office in October 1973, he continued the campaign against the left, and in May 1974 the victims of the purge acknowledged the break with their former leader and passed into (still legal) opposition. Montonero activity increased, and the Triple A, suspected by

Pythagoreanism

2005-01-27T15:15:00.000-08:00

Philosophical school and religious brotherhood, believed to have been founded by Pythagoras of Samos, who settled in Croton in southern Italy about 525 BC.

Quantity Theory Of Money

2005-01-23T18:38:00.000-08:00

Economic theory relating changes in the price levels to changes in the quantity of money. In its developed form, it constitutes an analysis of the factors underlying inflation and deflation. As developed by the English philosopher John Locke in the 17th century, the Scottish philosopher David Hume in the 18th century, and others, it was a weapon against the mercantilists

Wladyslaw I

2005-01-21T08:25:00.000-08:00

Wladyslaw was the son of Casimir I of Kujawy, the ruler of one of the numerous small principalities formed after the Old Polish realm had been divided up two centuries earlier. Wladyslaw

Alaska, The people

2005-01-19T17:32:00.000-08:00

Long before Bering's voyages the Tlingit Indians lived in the southern and southeastern coastal area; the Aleuts on the

Ablution

2005-01-16T09:06:00.000-08:00

In religion, a prescribed washing of part or all of the body or of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication. Water, or water with salt or some other traditional ingredient, is most commonly used, but washing with blood is not uncommon in the history of religions, and urine of the sacred cow has been used in

Epistemology, G.F.W. Hegel

2005-01-14T07:43:00.000-08:00

Empiricism takes cognition

Computers, The first computer network

2005-01-12T22:27:00.000-08:00

Between 1940 and 1946 George Stibitz and his team at Bell Laboratories built a series of machines with telephone technologies, i.e., employing electromechanical relays. These were the first machines to serve more than one user and the first to work remotely over telephone lines. However, because they were based on slow mechanical relays rather than electronic switches, they

Andersen Nexø, Martin

2005-01-10T06:55:00.000-08:00

Nexø came from an extremely poor family in the slums of Copenhagen but spent most of his childhood on the island of Bornholm, where he worked as a shepherd

Narodnik

2005-01-08T18:12:00.000-08:00

Plural Narodniki, or Narodniks, member of a 19th-century socialist movement in Russia who believed that political propaganda among the peasantry would lead to the awakening of the masses and, through their influence, to the liberalization of the tsarist regime. Because Russia was a predominantly agricultural country, the peasants represented the majority of the people (narod): hence the name of

Thomas, J.h.

2005-01-07T08:54:00.000-08:00

In full James Henry Thomas British trade-union leader and politician, a shrewd and successful industrial negotiator who lost his standing in the labour movement when he joined Ramsay MacDonald's coalition government (August 1931). Later (May 1936) he was found responsible for the leakage of details of a proposed national budget to Stock Exchange speculators,

Dominica

2005-01-04T00:05:00.000-08:00

Officially Commonwealth of Dominica, island nation of the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It lies between the French islands of Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante to the north and Martinique to the south. It has been a member of the Commonwealth since independence in 1978. It is 29 miles (47 kilometres) long, has a maximum breadth of 16 miles, and is 290 square miles (750 square kilometres) in area. The capital and chief port is

Residence

2005-01-03T06:23:00.000-08:00

In anthropology, location chosen by a couple as their postnuptial domicile. In primitive societies, such residence choices frequently follow rules; and, in social systems of wide kinship ties, a new place of residence after marriage signifies the potential severance of old alignments and the establishment of new ones. Because rights, obligations, succession, and

Aschelminth, General form and external features

2004-12-31T01:53:00.000-08:00

The great majority of nematodes have slender, elongated cylindrical bodies, without obvious external appendages, that move in graceful curves. The external cuticle that covers the whole body is often transparent and may be smooth, but it usually has closely spaced grooves, which at high magnification can be seen encircling the body (annulation) and which give the

Ribe

2004-12-30T20:10:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Ribe amtskommune (county commune), southwestern Jutland, Denmark, on the Ribe River, 4 miles (6 km) from the North Sea. One of Denmark's oldest towns, it was first mentioned in 862 and became a bishopric in 948. In the Middle Ages it was a thriving port and favourite royal resort, centred on Riberhus (a castle founded in the early 12th century and destroyed by the Swedes in 1658). The

Eastern Orthodoxy, God and man

2004-12-27T02:19:00.000-08:00

The Greek Fathers of the church always implied that the phrase found in the biblical story of the creation of man (Gen. 1:26), according to “the image and likeness

X Club

2004-12-25T18:58:00.000-08:00

Ruth Barton, “ ‘Huxley, Lubbock, and Half a Dozen Others': Professionals and Gentlemen in the Formation of the X Club, 1851–1864,” Isis, 89(3):410–444 (September 1998), discusses the interests and purposes that brought the group together. Two articles survey the importance of the club: Roy MacLeod, “The X-Club: A Social Network of Science in Late-Victorian England,” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 24(2):305–322 (April 1970), is the fuller account; J. Vernon Jensen, “The X Club: Fraternity of Victorian Scientists,” The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 5, part 1, no. 17, pp. 63–72 (June 1970), is also useful. Ruth Barton, “ ‘An Influential Set of Chaps': The X-Club and Royal Society Politics 1864–85,” The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 23, part 1, no. 76, pp. 53–81 (March 1990), details how club members achieved and used power within the Royal Society.

Fosse Way

2004-12-23T08:10:00.000-08:00

Major Roman road that traversed Britain from southwest to northeast. It ran from the mouth of the River Axe in Devon by Axminster and Ilchester (Lindinae) to Bath (Aquae Sulis) and Cirencester, thence straight for 60 miles (100 km) to High Cross (Venonae), where it intersected Watling Street, and on to Leicester (Ratae). After crossing the River Trent near Newark, it reached Ermine

Philip V

2004-12-22T19:32:00.000-08:00

Philip was the second son of Philip IV, who made him count of Poitiers in 1311. When his elder brother, King Louis X, died in 1316, leaving an infant daughter Joan by his adulterous first wife, and a pregnant widow, Philip won

Pacific Ocean, Tropical storms

2004-12-20T14:09:00.000-08:00

Although, in general, the climatic conditions of the trade-wind belts are characteristically regular and uniform, storms of great violence do originate there. In such storms, winds of exceptionally great force spiral inward toward a centre of exceedingly low atmospheric pressure. These are the tropical storms known in the western Pacific as typhoons. While the

Heilungkiang

2004-12-17T17:37:00.000-08:00

Heilungkiang was long sparsely inhabited by hunters and fishermen who used canoes, dogsleds, skis, and reindeer as transport.

Ezra And Nehemiah, Books Of

2004-12-15T14:02:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Esdras and Nehemias, two Old Testament books that together with the books of Chronicles formed a single history of Israel from the time of Adam. Ezra and Nehemiah are a single book in the Jewish canon. Roman Catholics long associated the two, calling the second “Esdras alias Nehemias” in the Douay-Confraternity. Later works, e.g., the Jerusalem Bible, maintain separate identities but associate

Yahya Sobh-e Azal, Mirza

2004-12-14T05:59:00.000-08:00

Yahya was the designated successor of Sayyid Ali Muhammad, a Shi'i sectarian leader known as the Bab (Arabic: “gate,” referring to one who has access to the hidden imam). The Bab was executed in 1850, and by the following year his followers

Yahya Sobh-e Azal, Mirza

2004-12-11T02:34:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher education in Los Angeles, Calif., U.S. It comprises the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, the Graduate School, and 18 professional schools. The university offers undergraduate degrees in about 80 fields and graduate and professional degrees in about 125 disciplines. It is especially well known for its degree programs in film,

Nizam-i Cedid

2004-12-10T03:23:00.000-08:00

In 1792–93 Selim III, assisted by a committee, promulgated a series of reforms that included new regulations on provincial governorships and taxation, on land

Hood (of Whitley), Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount

2004-12-07T19:30:00.000-08:00

Hood entered the navy in 1741, becoming a lieutenant in 1746. During the Seven Years' War he served in the English Channel and then the Mediterranean. In 1778, after further service in North America, he became commissioner of the dockyard at Portsmouth and governor of

Hindu, The

2004-12-06T03:32:00.000-08:00

Established in 1878 as a weekly, The Hindu became a daily in 1889. While India was under British rule, the paper spoke out for independence—but in a moderate vein. After 1947, when India achieved independence, The Hindu built a network of foreign bureaus, while extending

Qiyas

2004-12-04T13:35:00.000-08:00

The need for qiyas developed soon after the death of Muhammad, when the expanding

Tarbell, Ida M.

2004-11-27T00:11:00.000-08:00

Tarbell was educated at Allegheny College (Meadville, Pennsylvania) and taught briefly before becoming an editor for the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle (1883–91). In 1891 she took her

Israel, Samaritans

2004-11-25T23:11:00.000-08:00

Samaritans trace their roots to those Jews not dispersed when the Assyrians conquered Israel in the 8th century BCE. About half of the few hundred surviving members of the Samaritan community live near Tel Aviv in the town of Holon. The rest live on Mount Gerizim (Arabic: Jabal al-Tur), near Nabulus in the West Bank. They preserve their separate religious and communal organizations

Dragonfish

2004-11-23T09:10:00.000-08:00

Also called sea moth any of about five species of small marine fishes comprising the family Pegasidae and the order Pegasiformes. Dragonfish are found in warm Indo-Pacific waters. They are small (to about 16 centimetres [6 1/2 inches] long), elongated fish encased in bony rings of armour. The armour is fused on the head and body but not on the tail, which is thus flexible. The pectoral

Wolffish

2004-11-22T04:13:00.000-08:00

Any of nine species of large, long-bodied blennies of the family Anarhichadidae (order Perciformes), found in northern Atlantic and Pacific waters. Wolffishes are much larger than most other blennies, the largest species growing to a length of about 2.3 m (7.5 feet). Wolffishes have a large head and a long, tapered body surmounted by a single, long dorsal

Fu Hsing

2004-11-20T08:55:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Fu Xing, in Chinese mythology, star god of happiness, one of the three stellar divinities known collectively as Fu-Shou-Lu. He is one of many Chinese gods who bestow happiness on their worshipers. Some say he is the same as Fu Shen (q.v.), the spirit of happiness. If so, Fu Hsing was a historical personage, probably a 6th-century mandarin called Yang Ch'eng, who was deified by the local residents

Rabemananjara, Jacques

2004-11-18T08:23:00.000-08:00

Rabemananjara began writing in the early 1940s and published his first volume of verse, Sur les marches du soir (“On the Edges of Evening”), in 1942. A death sentence imposed on him for his alleged participation in the 1947 revolt in Madagascar embittered him, despite a later reprieve, and the poems of Antidote, written

France, History Of, Trade

2004-11-16T04:12:00.000-08:00

Despite the Islamic conquests, Mediterranean commerce did not decline abruptly. In Gaul, such goods as papyrus, oil, and spices were imported from the East, and there were numerous colonies of Syrians. Currency continued to be based on the gold standard, and imperial units were still used. All signs, moreover, point to the existence of manufacturing for trade (marble from

Tsimshian

2004-11-13T07:28:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Chimmesyan, Indians of the North Pacific Coast of North America, inhabiting the mainland and islands around the Skeena and Nass rivers and Milbanke Sound in what is now British Columbia and Alaska. They speak any of three Tsimshian dialects: Niska, spoken along the Nass River; coastal Tsimshian, along the lower Skeena and the coast; and Kitksan (or Gitksan), along the upper Skeena.

Hand, Learned

2004-11-12T15:45:00.000-08:00

In full Billings Learned Hand American jurist whose tough and sometimes profound mind, philosophical skepticism, and faith in the United States were employed throughout a record tenure as a federal judge (52 years, from April 10, 1909, until his death). Although he was never a justice of the Supreme Court, he is generally considered to have been a greater judge than all but a

Felix Iv (or Iii), Saint

2004-11-10T17:11:00.000-08:00

Pope from 526 to 530. He was elected on July 12 as the choice of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, who had imprisoned Felix' predecessor, St. John I, and who died shortly after Felix' consecration. The new pope ended the controversy over grace at the second Council of Orange (529) by condemning Semi-Pelagianism (see Orange, councils of; Semi-Pelagianism

Anaximander

2004-11-07T11:20:00.000-08:00

Anaximander is thought to have been a pupil of Thales of Miletus. Evidence exists that he wrote treatises on geography, astronomy, and cosmology that survived for several centuries, and that he made

Morante, Elsa

2004-11-05T09:18:00.000-08:00

Morante early exhibited literary talent, and, although her formal education remained incomplete, her marriage to the novelist Alberto

Rio De Janeiro Botanical Garden

2004-11-04T10:41:00.000-08:00

Portuguese Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro one of the great tropical botanical gardens and arboretums of the world. It was founded in 1808 by John, prince regent of the United Kingdom of Brazil and Portugal (later King John VI), for introducing and acclimatizing economically beneficial plants brought from other tropical regions of the world. The garden, located on a 350-acre (141-hectare) site below high peaks, has a collection

Antalya

2004-11-01T01:34:00.000-08:00

Ancient Greek Attalia, city and Mediterranean port, southwestern Turkey, on the Gulf of Antalya. Attalia was founded as a seaport in the 2nd century BC by Attalus II, a king of Pergamum. It was bequeathed to the Romans by his successor, Attalus III. St. Paul and St. Barnabas embarked from the seaport on their evangelical mission to Antioch. The “Hadrian Gate,” a marble portal of three identical arches,

Aethelweard

2004-10-31T06:34:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ethelwerd English chronicler and ealderman of the western provinces (probably the whole of Wessex), a descendant of King Alfred's brother Aethelred. He wrote, in elaborate and peculiar Latin, a chronicle for his continental kinswoman, Matilda, abbess of Essen. In the printed version of the text, the chronicle stops in 975, but fragments of the burned manuscript show that it continued

Narcissus

2004-10-29T11:44:00.000-07:00

In Greek mythology, the son of the river god Cephissus and the nymph Leiriope; he was distinguished for his beauty. His mother was told that he would have a long life, provided he never looked upon his own features. His rejection, however, of the love of the nymph Echo or of his lover Ameinias drew upon him the vengeance of the gods. He fell in love with his own reflection in

Alliance

2004-10-27T16:42:00.000-07:00

City, Stark county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., on the Mahoning River, 21 mi (34 km) northeast of Canton. In 1854 the villages of Williamsport, Freedom, and Liberty were incorporated as the village of Alliance, so named for the junction and crossing there of the former New York Central and Pennsylvania railroads. The village of Mount Union (settled in 1833) became a part of Alliance in 1854. Now highly

Emotion, Experiential relation to increased creativity

2004-10-24T08:33:00.000-07:00

Several studies have demonstrated that positive emotion facilitates creative problem solving. One of these studies showed that positive emotion enabled subjects to name more uses for common objects. Another showed that positive emotion enhanced creative problem solving by enabling subjects to see relations among objects that would otherwise go unnoticed.

Cordgrass

2004-10-23T11:53:00.000-07:00

Most species grow in clumps, with short flower spikes alternating along and often adherent to the upper portion of the stems,

Bejaïa

2004-10-21T00:46:00.000-07:00

Formerly Bougie, town, Mediterranean port, northeastern Algeria. The town lies at the mouth of the Wadi Soummam. Sheltered by Mount Gouraya (2,165 feet [660 m]) and Cape Carbon, it receives an annual average rainfall of 40 inches (1,000 mm) and is surrounded by a fertile plain. The older town, built on the mountain slope, descends to the French-built sector spread along the road to Algiers and containing the business

Sevilla

2004-10-19T09:49:00.000-07:00

, also spelled Seville provincia, one of eight provincias forming the comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. The provincia comprises the lower Guadalquivir River valley and has varied relief. It is bordered northwest by the Morena Mountains and south and southeast by the Sub-Baetic ranges of the Algodonales and Yeguas mountains. Between these

Babenberg, House Of

2004-10-17T15:08:00.000-07:00

Austrian ruling house in the 10th–13th century. Leopold I of Babenberg became margrave of Austria in 976. The Babenbergs' power was modest, however, until the 12th century, when they came to dominate the Austrian nobility. With the death of Duke Frederick II in 1246, the male line of the Babenbergs ended, and the family's power declined rapidly.

San Blas

2004-10-15T04:17:00.000-07:00

Traditional region, eastern Panama, stretching about 100 miles (160 km) along the Caribbean Sea from the Colombian border to the Gulf of San Blas. The narrow strip of land includes the San Blas (formerly Mulatas) Archipelago. Agriculture—chiefly coconuts, yams, and plantains—and fishing are the principal economic activities in San Blas. The population consists largely of

Internationale, L'

2004-10-13T00:23:00.000-07:00

About 1871 a Parisian transport worker, Eugène Pottier, wrote the words (as a poem), which begin, “Debout, les damnés de la terre” (“Arise, the wretched of the earth”) and acclaim, “Nous n'étions rien—donc, soyons tout!” (“We were

Mana

2004-10-10T13:02:00.000-07:00

Among Melanesian and Polynesian peoples, a supernatural force or power that may be ascribed to persons, spirits, or inanimate objects. Mana may be either good or evil, beneficial or dangerous. The term was first used in the 19th century in the West during debates concerning the origin of religion. It was first used to describe what apparently was interpreted to be an impersonal,

Wars Of Yahweh, Book Of The

2004-10-08T20:18:00.000-07:00

Lost document referred to and quoted in the Old Testament (Num. 21:14ff.). The book is probably a collection of early Israelite war songs including hymns of victory, curses, mocking songs, and other literary genres recounting the victories of Yahweh, the God of Israel, over his enemies; it indicates that biblical books rely on both written and oral tradition. Similar to the Book

Absolute Zero

2004-10-06T08:48:00.000-07:00

The notion that there is an ultimately lowest temperature was suggested by the behaviour of gases at low pressures: it was noted that gases seem to contract indefinitely as the temperature is decreased. It appeared that an ideal

Topological Space

2004-10-04T11:36:00.000-07:00

In mathematics, generalization of Euclidean spaces in which the idea of closeness, or limits, is described in terms of relationships between sets rather than in terms of distance. Every topological space consists of: (1) a set of points; (2) a class of subsets defined axiomatically as open sets; and (3) the set operations of union and intersection. In addition, the class of open

Saint Albans

2004-10-03T05:20:00.000-07:00

A British town was established on the west bank of the Ver in the 1st century BCE, and subsequently the Romans built their town of Verulamium on the site. In 61 CE the town was sacked by Queen Boudicca. Sections of the town wall dating

Anti-fascist Council For The National Liberation Of Yugoslavia

2004-10-01T01:04:00.000-07:00

AVNOJ was first convened at the Bosnian town of Bihac (Nov. 26–27, 1942). The participation of noncommunists allowed a National Liberation Movement

Skadi

2004-09-28T23:24:00.000-07:00

Old Norse Skaoi in Norse mythology, the giant wife of the sea god Njörd. In order to avenge the death of her father, the giant Thiazi, Skadi took up arms and went to attack the rival tribe of the gods (the Aesir) in Asgard, home of the gods. The Aesir, wanting to appease her anger, offered her the choice of one of their number for a husband, with the stipulation that she choose a god by his legs (or feet)

Cradle Mountain

2004-09-26T10:25:00.000-07:00

Mountain situated at the northern boundary of the 622-square-mile (1,611-square-kilometre) Cradle Mountain–Lake St. Clair National Park, in northwest-central Tasmania, Australia. Located on Tasmania's central plateau, its lava basalt peak rises to 5,069 feet (1,545 m). It is an arête (narrow ridge) that resembles a cradle, hence the name. The mountain was reportedly first scaled either by Henry

American Evangelical Lutheran Church

2004-09-24T08:44:00.000-07:00

Church established by Danish immigrants who in 1874 took the name Danish Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and formally organized as a synod in Neenah, Wis., in 1878. A constitution was accepted in 1879, and the present name was adopted in 1954. In 1962 the American Evangelical Lutheran Church (with about 24,000 members), the United Lutheran Church in America, the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran

Armenian Highland

2004-09-22T06:25:00.000-07:00

Russian Armyanskoye Nagorye, also spelled Arm'anskoje Nagor'e, mountainous region of Transcaucasia. It lies mainly in Turkey, occupies all of Armenia, and includes southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, and northwestern Iran. The highland covers almost 154,400 square miles (400,000 square km). The average elevation of the Armenian Highland is 5,000 to 6,500 feet (1,500 to 2,000 m), but several peaks exceed 14,000 feet (4,000 m). The highland is a segment of the Mediterranean alpine volcanic

Poznan

2004-09-21T02:05:00.000-07:00

Beginning as a small stronghold in the 9th century, Poznan became the capital of Poland (with Gniezno) and the residence of Poland's first two sovereigns. The first Polish cathedral was erected there

Bottome, Margaret Mcdonald

2004-09-18T07:49:00.000-07:00

Née Margaret McDonald American columnist and religious organizer, founder of the Christian spiritual development and service organization now known as the International Order of the King's Daughters and Sons. She attended school in Brooklyn and in 1850 married the Reverend Frank Bottome. Her long-standing practice of giving informal talks on the Bible

Averroës

2004-09-16T22:13:00.000-07:00

Averroës was born into a distinguished family of jurists at Córdoba and died at Marrakech, the North African capital of the Almohad dynasty. Thoroughly versed in the traditional Muslim sciences (especially exegesis of the Qur'an—Islamic scripture—and Hadith, or Traditions, and fiqh, or Law), trained in medicine, and accomplished in philosophy, Averroës rose to be chief

Caesalpiniaceae

2004-09-15T09:22:00.000-07:00

Family of trees, shrubs, and rarely herbs, of the pea order (Fabales), comprising many tropical species. The largest genus within the family, Cassia, especially abundant in the Western Hemisphere, contains 500 or more species. The compound leaves are once or twice pinnate (i.e., the leaflets themselves may be simple or compound). The fruit is usually a legume or pod.

Murdoch, James Edward

2004-09-13T15:52:00.000-07:00

After performing with amateur groups in Philadelphia, Murdoch made his successful debut at the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, in Lovers' Vows by August von Kotzebue. Following an unsalaried season with the company, he traveled about North America, playing with

Davies, William Henry

2004-09-11T05:49:00.000-07:00

After serving as apprentice to a picture framer, Davies tramped through the United States, crossed the Atlantic many times on cattle boats, lost a foot while trying

Media And Publishing, Amateur Radio.

2004-09-07T00:55:00.000-07:00

Despite the rise of the Internet, more than two million people throughout the world in 1997 continued to communicate over the air as amateur radio operators. Most of these hams--nearly 700,000, by the FCC's count--were in the U.S. The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) reported that it started off the year with 175,000 members, the most in its 83-year history. Hams used their radios mostly for personal

Indes Orientales, Compagnie Française Des

2004-09-04T16:45:00.000-07:00

(French: “French Company of the East Indies”), one of the companies known as the French East India Company (q.v.).

China, The Hundred Days of Reform, 1898

2004-09-03T01:25:00.000-07:00

The advocates of the Self-Strengthening Movement had regarded any institutional or ideological change as needless. But after 1885 some lower officials and comprador intellectuals began to emphasize institutional reforms and the opening of a parliament and to stress economic rather than military affairs for self-strengthening purposes. For the Peking court

Journal Des Débats, Le

2004-08-31T00:29:00.000-07:00

Moderately liberal in its viewpoint, Débats

Ramadan

2004-08-30T14:03:00.000-07:00

In its religious function, the month is similar to the Jewish Yom Kippur inasmuch as both constitute a period of atonement; Ramadan, however, is seen less as atonement and more as an obedient response to a command from God. Muslim ordinance

Thomas, Lowell (jackson)

2004-08-27T05:44:00.000-07:00

Thomas attended Valparaiso (Ind.) University (B.Sc., 1911), the University of Denver (B.A., M.A., 1912), and Princeton University (M.A., 1916). During his early 20s he worked as a war correspondent

Servite

2004-08-26T20:36:00.000-07:00

Member of Order of the Servants of Mary (O.S.M.) a Roman Catholic order of mendicant friars—religious men who lead a monastic life, including the choral recitation of the liturgical office, but do active work—founded in 1233 by a group of seven cloth merchants of Florence. These men, known collectively as the Seven Holy Founders, left their families and occupations to withdraw outside the gates of Florence and live

Eisenhower, Dwight D.

2004-08-24T00:15:00.000-07:00

In full Dwight David Eisenhower 34th president of the United States (1953–61), who had been supreme commander of the Allied forces in western Europe during World War II. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, see presidency of the United States of America. See also Cabinet of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.)

Hovey, Richard

2004-08-22T15:47:00.000-07:00

After graduating from Dartmouth in 1885, Hovey studied art and theology and in 1887 met Bliss Carman, the poet, with whom he later collaborated. Hovey lectured on aesthetics at the Farmington School of Philosophy and, for the last two years of his life, at Columbia University, where he held a post as professor

Minas

2004-08-19T04:48:00.000-07:00

Capital, Lavalleja department, southeastern Uruguay. Founded in 1783, the city was named for the surrounding mines. In the second half of the 20th century Minas has become increasingly attractive to tourists, since it is only 75 mi (120 km) northeast of Montevideo and offers hills and forests, both unusual in Uruguay. Its bottled mineral waters long have been distributed throughout

ResponsibleWire

Dentist Central London

Narew River

Hawaii, University Of

Tragedy

Zambezi River, Kariba and Cahora Bassa schemes

General Confederation Of Labourworkers' Force

Earth, Electrical conductivity

Sublimation

Chiang K'ang-hu

World War Ii, Iwo Jima and the bombing of Tokyo

Ilaro

World War I, The loss of the German colonies

Schaffner, Franklin (james)

Wang Pi

Cywydd

Palar River

Altman, Sidney

Ascot

Connecticut, Cultural life

Korcula

Rack And Pinion

Padilla, Heberto

Argentina, Perón's second presidency

Pythagoreanism

Quantity Theory Of Money

Wladyslaw I

Alaska, The people

Ablution

Epistemology, G.F.W. Hegel

Computers, The first computer network

Andersen Nexø, Martin

Narodnik

Thomas, J.h.

Dominica

Residence

Aschelminth, General form and external features

Ribe

Eastern Orthodoxy, God and man

X Club

Fosse Way

Philip V

Pacific Ocean, Tropical storms

Heilungkiang

Ezra And Nehemiah, Books Of

Yahya Sobh-e Azal, Mirza

Yahya Sobh-e Azal, Mirza

Nizam-i Cedid

Hood (of Whitley), Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount

Hindu, The

Qiyas

Tarbell, Ida M.

Israel, Samaritans

Dragonfish

Wolffish

Fu Hsing

Rabemananjara, Jacques

France, History Of, Trade

Tsimshian

Hand, Learned

Felix Iv (or Iii), Saint

Anaximander

Morante, Elsa

Rio De Janeiro Botanical Garden

Antalya

Aethelweard

Narcissus

Alliance

Emotion, Experiential relation to increased creativity

Cordgrass

Bejaïa

Sevilla

Babenberg, House Of

San Blas

Internationale, L'

Mana

Wars Of Yahweh, Book Of The

Absolute Zero

Topological Space

Saint Albans

General Confederation Of Labourworkers' Force